美國國父華盛頓的110條處世準則（明德合成）
（[美]喬治-華盛頓著/肖斌編譯）美國《時代》雜誌建議：這本書應該發給每一位喜得貴子的父母。
一個6歲的小男孩從身為莊園主的父親那裏得到了一把亮閃閃的小斧頭。他是那麼高興的和好奇，就跑到自家的後院裏，在一棵櫻桃樹上小試鋒芒。
父親回家後，發現自己心愛的櫻桃樹被人砍倒了，非常生氣。他厲聲喝問：「這是誰幹的？」
小男孩知道自己闖了大禍，但還是抬起頭對父親說：「我不能撒謊，這樹是我砍斷的——我想看看這斧頭鋒利不鋒利。」
看着臉漲得通紅而勇氣十足的兒子，父親頓時化怒為喜。他把兒子擁到懷裏，誇獎說：「我為你的誠實高興。因為這比1000棵櫻桃樹還要寶貴。」
這是個流傳很廣的故事，故事中的小男孩，就是後來成為美國第一任總統，被譽為美國國父的喬治·華盛頓。
美國國父的喬治·華盛頓（pixabay）
喬治·華盛頓在他14歲的時候，在他的學校書中寫下了110條文明規則的抄本。這些格言起源於十六世紀晚期的法國，並在華盛頓時期廣為流傳。這項練習現在被認為是對其性格發展的一種形成性影響，包括令人愉快的處世行為準則，正式情況下的適當行動以及一般的禮貌。探索華盛頓在18世紀複製它們的規則。
《美國國父華盛頓的110條處世準則》
1：不要當着別人的面脫衣，也不要衣冠不整出門。
Put not off your Cloths in the presence of Others, nor go out your Chamber half Drest.
2：與人相處時，言行舉止應表現出對對方的尊敬。
Every Action done in Company, ought to be with Some Sign of Respect, to those that are Present.
3：當別人講話時，不要打瞌睡；當別人站着時，不要坐着；當應該保持安靜時，不要說話；當別人停下時，不要管自行走。
Sleep not when others Speak, Sit not when others stand, Speak not when you Should hold your Peace, walk not on when others Stop.
4：與人相處時，不要指手畫腳，手的放置要自然得體。
When in Company, put not your Hands to any Part of the Body, not usualy Discovered.
5：當你要咳嗽、打噴嚏、嘆氣，或者打哈欠時，要儘可能隱秘一些，切忌弄出很大動靜；得體的做法是用手帕或手擋住你的臉，並轉向無人的一側。另外，也不要邊打哈欠邊對人說話。
If You Cough, Sneeze, Sigh, or Yawn, do it not Loud but Privately; and Speak not in your Yawning, but put Your handkercheif or Hand before your face and turn aside.
6：在別人面前，不要旁若無人地哼歌，也不要用手或腳打拍子。
In the Presence of Others Sing not to yourself with a humming Noise, nor Drum with your Fingers or Feet.
7：不要對朋友惡作劇，以免使他受到驚嚇傷害。
Shew Nothing to your Friend that may affright him.
8：不要承諾你做不到的事，不過一旦承諾，就要守信。
Undertake not what you cannot Perform but be Carefull to keep your Promise.
9：當你坐下時，雙腳要平穩踏實，不要兩腳疊加，不要蹺二郎腿。
When you Sit down, Keep your Feet firm and Even, without putting one on the other or Crossing them.
10：努力讓那被稱作良知的聖火在你的胸中熊熊燃燒。
Labour to keep alive in your Breast that Little Spark of Ce[les]tial fire Called Conscience.
11：與人進餐時不要拿走鹽，不要用你的有油污的刀切麵包。
Take no Salt or cut Bread with your Knife Greasy.
12：當別人在餐桌上談話時要表現出關注，不過如果口中有食物，就不要講話。
If others talk at Table be attentive but talk not with Meat in your Mouth.
13：不要在病人或不幸的人前表現出高興，因為那樣只會加重對方的痛苦。
Do not express Joy before one sick or in pain for that contrary Passion will aggravate his Misery.
14：在遊戲或者圍攏烤火時，要給後來者主動讓位，並且不要故意大呼小叫。
At Play and at Fire its Good manners to Give Place to the last Commer, and affect not to Speak Louder than Ordinary.
15：不要往壁爐中吐痰，不要屈身去烤火，不要把手伸到火苗里取暖，不要把腳架在壁爐上，特別是壁爐前面放有食物時。
Spit not in the Fire, nor Stoop low before it neither Put your Hands into the Flames to warm them, nor Set your Feet upon the Fire especially if there be meat before it.
16：不要對別人的不倖幸災樂禍，即便他是你的敵人。
Shew not yourself glad at the Misfortune of another though he were your enemy.
17：不要晃來晃去擋人視線，也不要啃手指甲。
Shift not yourself in the Sight of others nor Gnaw your nails.
18：假如你珍惜自己的名譽，就結交品質好的人。和壞人交往，還不如獨處。
Associate yourself with Men of good Quality if you Esteem your own Reputation; for’tis better to be alone than in bad Company.
19：觀看公共表演或展覽活動時，不要肆無忌憚地狂笑不止。
Do not laugh too loud or too much at any Publick[Spectacle].
20：在探望病人時，假如你並不了解病情，不要馬上就充當醫生角色去談論病情。
In visiting the Sick, do not Presently play the Physicion if you be not Knowing therein.
21：在和上級意見不一致時，不要試圖爭辯獲勝，只需虛心地提出你的意見。
Strive not with your Superiers in argument, but always Submit your Judgment to others with Modesty.
22：衣着不可邋遢、破爛、骯髒。每天至少應該刷拭一次衣服，留心不要接近任何不潔之物。
Wear not your Cloths, foul, unript or Dusty but See they be Brush』d once every day at least and take heed tha[t] you approach not to any Uncleaness.
23：不要當着別人的面漱口。
Rince not your Mouth in the Presence of Others.
24：當看到一樁罪行受到懲處時，你自然感到欣慰，但對於受到刑罰懲處的罪犯，應該存有憐憫之心。
When you see a Crime punished, you may be inwardly Pleased; but always shew Pity to the Suffering Offender.
25：不要當着別人面捉虱子捉跳蚤；如果看到地上有污跡或痰跡，要很靈巧地用腳擦去；如果看到同伴的衣服上有髒物，要不事聲張地為他除去；如果發現有人為你除去了身上的髒物，記着一定要道謝。
Kill no Vermin as Fleas, lice ticks&c in the Sight of Others, if you See any filth or thick Spittle put your foot Dexteriously upon it if it be upon the Cloths of your Companions, Put it off privately, and if it be upon your own Cloths return Thanks to him who puts it off.
26：對人講話時不要背對着對方；別人正在桌子上讀書或寫字時，不要碰撞桌子，也不要倚靠在上面。
Turn not your Back to others especially in Speaking, Jog not the Table or Desk on which Another reads or writes, lean not upon any one.
27不要搖頭晃腦，不要跺腳、抖腿，不要亂轉眼珠子，不要把一條眉毛抬得比另一條高，不要歪嘴。在與人靠得很近講話時，注意不要把唾沫濺到對方臉上。
Shake not the head, Feet, or Legs rowl not the Eys lift not one eyebrow higher than the other wry not the mouth, and bedew no mans face with your Spittle, by appr[oaching too nea]r him[when] you Speak.
28：見到貴族、法官、牧師等有身份的人時，應該脫帽致禮，以示尊敬，鞠躬時身體的彎曲度要遵從風俗習慣，對不同身份的人各有不同。對同輩人，不要總期望對方先向你施禮。不過，在不需要行脫帽禮時脫帽，就顯得做作了。敬禮和答禮的用語要符合通常的習俗。
In Pulling off your Hat to Persons of Distinction, as Noblemen, Justices, Churchmen&c make a Reverence, bowing or less according to the Custom of the Better Bred, and Quality of the Person. Amongst your equals expect not always that they Should begin with you first, but to Pull off the Hat when there is no need is Affectation, in the Manner of Saluting and resaluting in words keep to the most usual Custom.
29：不要講不在場的人的壞話，因為這不公平。
Speak not Evil of the absent for it is unjust.
30：消遣娛樂應該是健康向上的，而不應該是低級邪惡的。
Let your Recreations be Manfull not Sinfull.
31：當你談到上帝或其品質時，態度要嚴肅，滿懷敬意。尊重和孝順你的父母，即便他們是窮人。
When you Speak of God or his Atributes, let it be Seriously&[with] Reverence. Honour& Obey your Natural Parents altho they be Poor.
32：指甲要乾淨、要剪短，手和牙齒也要保持清潔，不過，不要對這些事表現出過度的關注。
Keep your Nails clean and Short, also your Hands and Teeth Clean yet without Shewing any great Concern for them.
33：在餐桌上無論發生了什麼都不可生氣，假如你真有原因生氣，也不要表現出來。而是要表現出高興的神色，特別是如果有生人在場，因為好心情是宴席上最好的一道菜。
Be not Angry at Table whatever happens& if you have reason to be so, shew it not but on a Chearfull Countenance especially if there be Strangers for Good Humour makes one Dish of Meat a Feas[t].
34：當一個人盡了他的所能卻沒有做好某事時，不要責備他。
When a man does all he can though it Succeeds not well blame not him that did it.
35：在家中接待同等身份或身份略低於自己的人，應該請至上座：而被邀請者首先應該客氣婉拒，第二次被邀請時就可就座。沒必要表現得畏畏縮縮。
To one that is your equal, or not much inferior you are to give the cheif Place in your Lodging and he to who’tis offered ought at the first to refuse it but at the Second to accept though not without acknowledging his own unworthiness.
36：在社交場合，不要讀信、看書或看報紙；如果確需讀信等，要徵得允許離開。在別人看書或寫東西時，不要湊上去看，除非被邀請或給你發表意見的機會。別人寫信時，未經同意，也不要靠近觀看。
Read no Letters, Books, or Papers in Company but when there is a Necessity for the doing of it you must ask leave: come not near the Books or Writings of Another so as to read them unless desired or give your opinion of them unask』d also look not nigh when another is writing a Letter.
37：不要盯着別人的疤痕或瑕疵，也不要刨根打問。朋友間說的秘密不要透露給他人。
Gaze not on the marks or blemishes of Others and ask not how they came. What you may Speak in Secret to your Friend deliver not before others.
38：當你的上司與人講話時，不要湊耳朵聽，也不要去插嘴，更不要發笑。
When your Superiours talk to any Body hearken not neither Speak nor Laugh.
39：不要鼓腮，不要吐舌，不要搓手，不要摩挲鬍鬚，不要努嘴，不要咬嘴唇，注意嘴不要張得太大，也不要緊閉，要自然合度。
Do not Puff up the Cheeks, Loll not out the tongue rub the Hands, or beard, thrust out the lips, or bite them or keep the Lips too open or too Close.
40：喝東西不要太慢。也不要太急。喝之前和之後，要揩擦嘴唇。任何時候喘氣聲都不要太大，因為那是不文雅的。
Drink not too leisurely nor yet too hastily. Before and after Drinking wipe your Lips breath not then or Ever with too Great a Noise, for its uncivil.
41：在與長輩一起吃飯時，不要比他們吃的時間長。可以把手放在餐桌上，但不要把胳膊架在餐桌上。
In Company of your Betters be no[t longer in eating] than they are lay not your Arm but o[nly your hand upon the table].
42：在你演講時，身體的姿態、手勢，要與之匹配。
The Gestures of the Body must be Suited to the discourse you are upon.
43：不要使用譴責的語言對待他人，不要詛咒也不要辱罵他人。
Use no Reproachfull Language against any one neither Curse nor Revile.
44：面部表情要令人愉快，不過在嚴肅的場合，表情要莊重。
Let your Countenance be pleasant but in Serious Matters Somewhat grave.
45：講話前要先想好，發音要準確，語速不要太快，要清晰有條理。
Think before you Speak pronounce not imperfectly nor bring ou[t] your Words too hastily but orderly& distinctly.
46：不去責備他人天生的缺點，也不因此而心中竊喜。
Reproach none for the Infirmaties of Nature, nor Delight to Put them that have in mind thereof.
47：不要輕易相信那些詆毀他人的流言蜚語。
Be not hasty to beleive flying Reports to the Disparag[e]ment of any.
48：不要溜須拍馬，也不要調侃那些不喜歡自己被調侃的人。
Be no Flatterer, neither Play with any that delights not to be Play』d Withal.
49：在商業或公務談話中，你的講話應該簡短、易於理解。
Let your Discourse with Men of Business be Short and Comprehensive.
50：不要像孔雀那樣炫耀，處處看重自己的外表：打扮得是不是很漂亮；鞋子是不是很合適；襪子是不是很講究，衣服是不是很時髦。
Play not the Peacock, looking every where about you, to See if you be well Deck’t, if your Shoes fit well if your Stokings sit neatly, and Cloths handsomely.
51：講話時要避免單調乏味，避免經常跑題，也要避免老重複同樣的講話方式。
Be not tedious in Discourse, make not many Digressigns, nor rep[eat] often the Same manner of Discourse.
52：不要對他人的私事存有好奇心。也不要介入別人的私人談話。
Be not Curious to Know the Affairs of Others neither approach those that Speak in Private.
53：在朋友或同儕的專業問題上，不要以「指導老師」自居，這會讓你顯得很傲慢。
Undertake not to Teach your equal in the art himself Proffesses; it Savours of arrogancy.
54：不要下流地唆使朋友去窺探他人的私隱。
Be not immodest in urging your Friends to Discover a Secret.
55：說話時不要喝水或喝飲料，不要在嘴裏有東西時說話，當你喝東西時，不要東張西望。
Drink not nor talk with your mouth full neither Gaze about you while you are a Drinking.
56：與人說話不要帶有惡意和嫉妒，這是一種溫順和值得讚揚的品性。在所有情緒容易激動的場合，要保持理智和冷靜。
Let your Conversation be without Malice or Envy, for’tis a Sig[n o]f a Tractable and Commendable Nature: And in all Causes of Passion[ad]mit Reason to Govern.
57：如果你每次都把麵包泡在湯汁里，還不如把它直接放進你的嘴裏。如果肉湯太燙，不要去吹，而是要等它自己慢慢涼下來。
If you Soak bread in the Sauce let it be no than what you[pu]t in your Mouth at a time and blow not your broth at Table[bu]t Stay till Cools of it Self.
58：當別人講話時，要專心傾聽，不要擾亂聽眾，如果他的講話有所遲疑停頓，在沒有被請求的情況下，不要試圖去給他提白或做什麼幫助，不要中斷他的講話，也不要當即答辯，直到他結束講話。
When Another Speaks be attentive your Self and disturb not the Audience if any hesitate in his Words help him not nor Prompt him without desired, Interrupt him not, nor Answer him till his Speec[h] be ended.
59：當你講話時，不要用手指點那個你提及的人，也不要太挨近那個人，特別是他的臉。
While you are talking, Point not with your Finger at him of Whom you Discourse nor Approach too near him to whom you talk especially to his face.
60：在寫信或談話時，要根據對方的身份和當地的習俗，給對方一個適合他的頭銜或尊稱。
In writing or Speaking, give to every Person his due Title According to his Degree& the Custom of the Place.
61：在批評他人的某個毛病時，自己必須是沒有這個毛病的，因為身教重於言教。
Wherein you reprove Another be unblameable yourself; for example is prevalent than Precepts.
62：當你不知道事情的真相時，不要自作聰明地發表新聞。在談論你聽到的某事時，最早版本的作者既然不是你，那作者姓名就永遠是個難發現的秘密。
Be not apt to relate News if you know not the truth thereof. In Discoursing of things you Have heard Name not your Author always A[Se]cret Discover not.
63：不要用刀扎着麵包放進嘴裏，也不要往盤子裏亂吐水果餡餅的籽兒，不要往餐桌下亂丟東西。
Put not your meat to your Mouth with your Knife in your ha[nd ne]ither Spit forth the Stones of any fruit Pye upon a Dish nor Cas[t an]ything under the table.
64：在完全咽下去一口食物之前，不要又加上一口。每一口食物都不要太多。不要狼吞虎咽。
Put not another bit into your Mouth til the former be Swallowed[l]et not your Morsels be too big for the Gowls.
65：吃飯時不要表現得過分興高采烈；不要貪嘴；用餐刀切麵包。不要靠着飯桌，也不要對你吃的東西挑剔不已。
Make no Shew of taking great Delight in your Victuals, Feed no[t] with Greediness; cut your Bread with a Knife, lean not on the Table neither find fault with what you Eat.
66：在就餐時，只有上席的人才有權首先打開餐巾開始用餐，不過他應該及時開始，並注意到讓吃飯較慢的人有時間吃完。
It belongs to the Chiefest in Company to unfold his Napkin and fall to Meat first, But he ought then to Begin in time& to Dispatch[w]ith Dexterity that the Slowest may have time allowed him.
67：入座時不要坐在餐桌的上席。不過如果必須坐，或者主人邀請你，不要推讓，以免讓其他人尷尬。
Set not yourself at the upper of the Table but if it Be your Due or that the Master of the house will have it So, Contend not, least you Should Trouble the Company.
68：禮節不可繁瑣，也不可在必需時被忽視。
Superfluous Complements and all Affectation of Ceremonie are to be avoided, yet where due they are not to be Neglected.
69：和有身份的人談話，不要歪斜身子，也不要盯着對方的臉看，不要靠得太近，至少應保持一步的距離。
In Speaking to men of Quality do not lean nor Look them full in the Face, nor approach too near them at lest Keep a full Pace from them.
70：在提意見或責備某人時，要考慮是應該在公開場合還是在私下裏，或者是改個時間去做。那時批評就不會帶上火氣，而是比較溫和容易讓人接受。
Being to advise or reprehend any one, consider whether it ought to be in publick or in Private; presently, or at Some other time in what terms to do it& in reproving Shew no Sign of Cholar but do it with all Sweetness and Mildness.
71：在演講或宣讀時，切忌冗長乏味，除非你發現人們樂於傾聽。
Be not Tedious in Discourse or in reading unless you find the Company pleased therewith.
72：與人交往，不要說別人不懂的方言和你那個圈子裏的行話、俚語。莊重的問題要莊重地對待。
Speak not in an unknown Tongue in Company but in your own Language and that as those of Quality do and not as the Vulgar; Sublime matters treat Seriously.
73：不要用餐桌布、餐巾擦你的牙齒，或用叉子、餐刀剔牙。如果有人要剔牙，妥善的做法是準備好牙籤。
Cleanse not your teeth with the Table Cloth Napkin Fork or Knife but if Others do it let it be done wt. a Pick Tooth.
74：在街上不要亂跑，也不要太慢慢騰騰，不要傻張着嘴，不要亂揮胳膊。不要翹腳趾，也不要一副手舞足蹈的樣子。
Run not in the Streets, neither go t[oo s]lowly nor wit[h] Mouth open go not Shaking y[ou]r Arms[kick not the earth with yr feet, go] not upon the Toes, nor in a Dancing[fashion].
75：不要去你不熟悉的社交場合，無論你在那裏將受到歡迎還是不被歡迎。沒有被問到就不要提出建議，如果想提，就儘量簡短。
Go not thither, where you know not, whether you Shall be Welcome or not. Give not Advice with[out] being Ask』d& when desired[d]o it briefly.
76：在別人談話時，你不請自到，而你察覺到由於你的到來，讓談話停止時，你可以表示歉意，有禮貌地請講話人繼續；當一個有身份的人在你講話時到來，你應該向他重複一下你先前講的話。這是有教養的表現。
In the midst of Discourse ask[not of what one treateth] but if you Perceive any Stop because of[your coming you may well intreat him gently] to Proceed: If a Person of Quality comes in while your Conversing it’s handsome to Repeat what was said before.
77：在社交場合走動時，遇到比你身份高的人，最好單獨和他在一起，先向他伸出右手，直到他也伸出手。不要先轉身走開。當你要轉身時，讓你的臉對着他。如果他是一個身份高的人，和他一起走動時不要肩並肩，適當落後一些。在這樣一種禮貌的方式中，他可以很隨意地和你講話。
In walking up and Down in a House, only with One in Compan[y] if he be Greater than yourself, at the first give him the Right hand and Stop not till he does and be not the first that turns, and when you do turn let it be with your face towards him, if he be a Man of Great Quality, walk not with him Cheek by Joul but Somewhat behind him; but yet in Such a Manner that he may easily Speak to you.
78：不要在歡樂的時候或在飯桌上講傷心的事，不要講諸如死亡、傷病的事，假如別人提及這些事，如果你能，就改變這些話題。除非對親密的朋友，不要講你做的夢。
Speak not of doleful Things in a Time of Mirth or at the Table; Speak not of Melancholy Things as Death and Wounds, and if others Mention them Change if you can the Discourse tell not your Dreams, but to your intimate Friend.
79：不要責難別人的缺點，因為那是父母、師長、上司才有權做的事。
Reprehend not the imperfections of others for that belong[s] to Parents Masters and Superiours.
80：太埋首在食物上是不雅的。保持你的手指乾淨。如果髒了，用你一角的餐桌布擦乾淨。
It’s unbecoming to Stoop much to ones Meat Keep your Fingers clea[n&] when foul wipe them on a Corner of your Table Napkin.
81：應該根據交往的對象不同而保持適當的禮數，如果對鄉下人和王子採用同樣的禮節，就顯得很可笑了。
Let thy ceremonies in Courtesie be proper to the Dignity of his place[with whom thou conversest for it is absurd to ac]t the same with a Clown and a Prince.
82：款待人用餐，要讓他吃飽，這才是得體的。但不要擅自去款待那些主人不歡迎的人。
Entertaining any one at table it is decent to present him wt. meat, Undertake not to help others undesired by the Master.
83：當你坐着時，如果某人過來和你說話，你應該站起來，即便對方是你的下級。當你為人引座時，應根據他的身份和地位。
If any one come to Speak to you while you are are Sitting Stand up tho he be your Inferiour, and when you Present Seats let it be to every one according to his Degree.
84：不要老招呼別人吃東西，也不必在你每次喝酒時也向別人勸酒。
It is out of use to call upon the Company often to Eat nor need you Drink to others every Time you Drink.
85：評價人時不要亂比較。當某人由於勇敢等品德受到讚揚時，不要拿他和別人比三比四。
Make no Comparisons and if any of the Company be Commended for any brave act of Vertue, commend not another for the Same.
86：在講話時，讓對方先講，特別是面對身份比我們高的人，我們絕對不應該搶話。這才是好的舉止。
It is good Manners to prefer them to whom we Speak befo[re] ourselves especially if they be above us with whom in no Sort we ought to begin.
87：不要說刺傷人的話，無論是開玩笑還是認真說話；也不要嘲笑任何人，即使他們給了你這樣的機會。
Speak not injurious Words neither in Jest nor Earnest Scoff at none although they give Occasion.
88：就大多數國家來看，右位是尊位，因此在與人一道行走時，要把右側的位置讓給你應該尊重的人，自己走在左側；如果是三人同行，應該把居中的位置留給三人中最可尊敬的人。如果是二人沿牆同行，要讓同伴靠牆走，而自己靠外。
In walking the highest Place in most Countrys Seems to be on the right hand therefore Place yourself on the left of him whom you desire to Honour: but if three walk together the mid[dest] Place is the most Honourable the wall is usually given to the most worthy if two walk together.
89：在爭論中，不要過於渴望能說服每個人，同時也不要任由每個人隨便發表自己的看法。要順從多數人的意見，特別是當他們是爭論中的評判者時。
In Disputes, be not So Desireous to Overcome as not to give Liberty to each one to deliver his Opinion and Submit to the Judgment of the Major Part especially if they are Judges of the Dispute.
90：當遇到比你身份高的人經過時，應該停下來；如果是在門口，應該退後一步；如果是直接面對面，應該給他讓開路。
When you meet with one of Greater Quality than yourself, Stop, and retire especially if it be at a Door or any Straight place to give way for him to Pass.
91：工人和身份低的人對待貴族或其他身份高的人，不必講究繁文縟節，但應該表現出尊重和敬意。而身份高的人也同樣。他們在對待身份低的人時應該和藹有禮，不可傲慢自大。
Artificers& Persons of low Degree ought not to use many ceremonies to Lords, or Others of high Degree but Respect and high[ly] Honour them, and those of high Degree ought to treat them with affibility& Courtesie, without Arrogancy.
92：衣着應該端莊大方，適合自己的氣質個性。與其追逐虛榮，寧可與自己同等的人保持風格一致。隨時隨地以斯文和整潔贏得尊重。
In your Apparel be Modest and endeavour to accomodate Nature, rather than to procure Admiration keep to the Fashio[n] of your equals Such as are Civil and orderly with respect to Times and Places.
93：要在合適的時間來與人談論公事。在別人面前不要竊竊耳語。
Treat with men at fit Times about Business& Whisper not in the Company of Others.
94：吃飯時不要搔癢，不要吐唾沫、咳嗽，或者抽嗒鼻子去聞，除了確有必要去聞。
Being Set at meat Scratch not neither Spit Cough or blow your Nose except there’s a Necessity for it.
95：不要貶低別人，也不要過分抬高別人。
Detract not from others neither be excessive in Commanding.
96：不要嘲笑人，也不要在重大問題上亂開玩笑，不要開傷人的玩笑，如果你要就某事發表意見，要顯示出富於機智和令人愉快，避免自己成為笑柄。
Mock not nor Jest at any thing of Importance break[n]o Jest that are Sharp Biting and if you Deliver any thing witty and Pleasent abtain from Laughing thereat yourself.
97：不要誇耀自己的成就、才智，更不要炫耀自己的財富、美德或出身。
A Man o[ug]ht not to value himself of his Atchievements, or rare Qua[lities of wit; much less of his rich]es Virtue or Kindred.
98：當你確定要做某事時，不要感情用事，要運用判斷力。另一方面，做人也要如此。
When you deliver a matter do it without Passion& with Discretion, howev[er] mean the Person be you do it too.
99：在身份比你高的人中，不要隨意講話，直到你被邀請講話。這時，你應該站直身子，摘下帽子，並用簡短的話回答。
In Company of these of Higher Quality than yourself Speak not ti[l] you are ask』d a Question then Stand upright put of your Hat& Answer in few words.
100：在傾聽別人講話時，你應該表現得認真和專注。不要總和別人說的唱反調。
Let thy carriage be such as becomes a Man Grave Settled and attentive[to that which is spoken. Contra]dict not at every turn what others Say.
101：一個人即使年紀比他人大，或地位、功勳比他人高，也應該表現得謙讓有禮。無論是居家還是在任何地方，都不應有例外。當然，另一方面，也不可表現得謙卑過頭，或者只是偶爾謙卑。
If any one far Surpassess others, either in age, Estate, or Merit[yet] would give Place to a meaner than hims[elf in his own lodging or elsewhere] the one ought not to except it, S[o he on the other part should not use much earnestness nor offer] it above once or twice.
102：那些身份高貴或擔任公職的人在各種場合一般都是優先，但同時，如果他們年輕，他們應當尊敬那些與他們出身或其他方面平等的人，儘管後者沒有擔任公職。
They that are in Dignity or in office have in all places Preceedency but whilst they are Young they ought to respect those that are their equals in Birth or other Qualitys, though they have no Publick charge.
103：不要在大街上吃東西，也不要不合時令地在房子裏吃。
Eat not in the Streets, nor in the House, out of Season.
104：在職位或身份比你低的人面前，永遠不要表現出任何的失禮，也不要違反道德準則。
Never express anything unbecoming, nor Act ag[in]st the Rules Mora[l] before your inferiours.
105：不要剛愎自用，而要友善謙恭。首先要禮貌地傾聽和回答。在與人交談時不要獨自想心事。
Be not froward but friendly and Courteous; the first to Salute hear and answer& be not Pensive when it’s a time to Converse.
106：向比自己有身份的人致意時，不摘帽是不禮貌的；還有，行脫帽禮不能急匆匆，以致對方都來不及戴好帽子；行禮完畢後，要讓對方先戴上帽子，至多是對方第二次邀請後才可戴上自己的帽子。在這裏要說明的是，按照禮儀要求，在典禮中，要找好自己的座位再入座，不按規定隨便亂坐，是令人生厭的。
Tis ill manners to bid one eminent than yourself be covered as well as not to do it to whom it’s due Likewise he that makes too much haste to Put on his hat does not well, yet he ought to Put it on at the first, or at most the Second time of being ask』d; now what is herein Spoken, of Qualification in behaviour in Saluting, ought also to be observed in taking of Place, and Sitting down for ceremonies without Bounds is troublesome.
107：在沒人有開玩笑的心情時，不要逗樂子。笑聲不要太大，也不要不分場合。不要嘲笑別人的不幸，即使確有可笑之處。
Break not a Jest where none take pleasure in mirth Laugh not aloud, nor at all without Occasion, deride no mans Misfortune, tho』 there Seem to be Some cause.
108：無論何時何地受到批評，都應該心存感激地接受。不過如果自己沒錯，不要當時就頂撞，事後找一個便利的時間和地點，向批評者解釋。
Take all Admonitions thankfully in what Time or Place Soever given but afterwards not being culpable take a Time[&] Place convenient to let him him know it that gave them.
109：在莊重的和博學的人中，不要有低俗和輕佻的舉動，也不要賣弄非常艱澀困難的問題和話題；對不懂或難以確認的事，不要妄下結論，無論是在長輩面前還是在同輩人中間。
Utter not base and frivilous things amongst grave and Learn』d Men nor very Difficult Questians or Subjects, among the Ignorant or things hard to be believed, Stuff not your Discourse with Sentences amongst your Betters nor Equals.
110：如果兩個人在爭執，不要隨隨便便就介入某一方。在無關緊要的事上，站在多數人一邊，不要固執己見。
If two contend together take not the part of either unconstrain[ed]; and be not obstinate in your own Opinion, in Things indiferent be of the Major Side.（以上僅供參考）
美國國父華盛頓（pixabay）
讀《美國國父華盛頓的110條處世準則》有感
一個六歲的小男孩從莊園主的父親那得到了一把亮閃閃的小斧頭。他是那麼的高興和好奇，就跑到自家後院裏，在一棵櫻桃樹上小試鋒芒。
他舉起小斧頭，嘟嘟嚷嚷地說：「來吧，我的朋友，我要在你身上試試斧頭。」說着一斧頭砍了下去，只聽「咔嚓」一聲，那小樹便成兩截，躺在地上。
嘿，小男孩美滋滋跑着玩去了……
誰知，這一砍不要緊，可真闖了禍。這株小櫻桃樹是爸爸花高價買來的優良品種，用它來搞試驗的。
這當兒，爸爸邁着步子，由外面回來了，當他望見那心愛的小樹已被砍倒，十分生氣，幾乎要大發雷霆！
爸爸要弄清楚這是誰在搞破壞，生氣地說：「要是讓我發現是誰砍的樹，我要，嗯，我就要……」爸爸說這話時，臉色鐵青，嘴唇在哆嗦。
小男孩做着激烈的思想鬥爭。後來他終於恭恭敬敬地走到爸爸面前，一五一十地說明了事情的經過。
「爸爸，請您懲罰我吧，這錯事時我親手乾的，主要是想試一試這把斧頭鋒利不鋒利，所以我就，就……」
爸爸一把摟住小男孩非常激動地說：「我的好孩子，爸爸非常喜歡你的誠實。爸爸寧願損失一千棵可愛的櫻桃樹，也不願意我的孩子說一句謊話。」
這是一個廣為流傳的故事，故事中的小男孩，就是後來美國第一任總統，被譽為美國國父的喬治·華盛頓。
華盛頓是以美德征服人的一個偉人，而他的美德的養成來自於小時候就開始自覺磨練。他雖然出生於一個富有的莊園主家庭，但小時候沒有受過系統的良好的教育。後來在她十幾歲時，他經常到哥哥勞倫斯的岳父費爾法克斯勳爵家做客。在哪裏，費爾法克斯優雅威嚴的紳士作派把野性十足的小華盛頓迷住了。也就是在這裏紳士老人家中，小華盛頓抄錄、整理了110條待人處世的行為準則。設計各種容易讓人忽略的社交禮儀細節，看似簡單，實則表現出一個人的修養和品德，正是「從細微處看精神」。華盛頓對這些準則身體力行，最終從一個脾氣暴躁、行為粗魯的莊園主兒子，成長為一名美德的楷模。
